Drainage & Sanitation System MEP

IDENTIFICATION OF DRAINAGE & SANITATION
S.NO	Name	Description	Particular
	Drainage	— A sanitary drainage system consists of a building	FT-Floor Trap
		sewer, a building drain, a soil and/or waste stack, horizontal	BT- Bottle Trap
		branches or fixture drain, and vents. The sanitary drainage of a	GT- Guly Trap
		large building may have a number of primary and secondary	Cowl
		branches, and several soil and/or waste stacks, each of them in	Mixer
		turn may have a number of horizontal branches.	Common Soil/Waste Stack
			Vent Pipe
			Waste Stack
	Branch	a) Special form of sewer pipe used for making	P-Trap
		connections to a sewer or water main. The
		various types are called ‘T’, ‘Y’, ‘T-Y’, double
		Y  and  V  branches,  according  to  their
		respective shapes.
		b) Any part of a piping system other than a main	Drainage Plan
		or stack.	a) Every floor of the building in which the pipes
	Systems of Drainage	a)Combined system — A system in which foul	or drains are to be used;
		water (sewage) (black and grey water) and	b) The position, forms, level and arrangement of
		surface water are conveyed by the same sewers	the various parts of such building, including
		and drains.	the roof thereof;
		b) Separate system — A system in which foul	c) All new drains as proposed with their sizes
		water (sewage) (black and grey water) and	and gradients;
		surface water are conveyed by the separate	d) Invert levels of the proposed drains with
		sewers and drains.	corresponding ground levels;
		c) Partially separate system — A modification surface  water  is  conveyed  by  the  foul (sanitary) sewers and drains.	e) The position of every manhole, gully, soil and
			waste pipe, vent pipe, rainwater pipe, water
	Types of Sanitary Appliances	It shall essentially consist of a closet consisting of a	closet, urinal, latrine, bath, lavatory, sink, trap
	Soil Appliances	bowl to receive excretory matter, trap and a flushing	or other appliances in the premises proposed
	Water closet	apparatus. It is recommended to provide ablution tap	to be connected to any drain and the following
		adjacent to the water closet, preferably on right hand	colours  are  recommended  for  indicating
		side wall. The various types/style of water closets may	sewers, waste water pipes, rainwater pipes an
		be:	existing work:
		a) Squatting Indian type water closet,	Description of Work                                               Colour
		b) Washdown type water closet,	Sewers                                                                           Red
		c) Siphonic washdown type water closet, and	Waste water pipes                                                    Blue
		d) Universal or Anglo-Indian water closet.	rainwater pipes                                                          Blue
			Existing work                                                               Black
			f) The position of refuse chute, inlet hopper and
	Urinal	It is a soil appliance for urination and is connected to	collection chamber.
		soil pipe after a suitable trap. Urinal should have	Testing
		adequate provision of flushing apparatus. The various	The plumbing system shall be subjected to required
		types/style of urinal may be:	tests to effectively disclose all leaks and defects in the
		a) Bowl type urinal: flat back or angle back.	work or the material.
		b) Slab (single) type urinal.
		c) Stall (single) type urinal.
		d) Squatting plate type urinal.
		e) Syphon jet urinal with integral trap.
		f) Water less (non-water) urinal
	Efficient and an economical plumbing system	a) Placing of plumbing fixtures around an easily	Additional requirements
	can be achieved by planning the toilets in compact	accessible pipe shaft; in high rise buildings
	grouping with  the  layout  of  the  bathrooms  and	the pipe shafts may have to be within the	a) The layout shall be as simple and direct as
	observing the following guidelines:	building envelope and easy provision for	practicable.
		access panels and doors should be planned in	b) The pipes should be laid in straight lines, as
		advance, in such cases so as not to cause	far as possible, in both vertical and horizontal
		inconvenience during maintenance.	planes.
		b) Adopting repetitive layout of toilets in the	c) Anything that is likely to cause irregularity of
		horizontal and vertical directions.	flow, such as abrupt changes of direction, shall
		c) In planning for malls, the required public and	be avoided.
		toilet facilities shall be located not more than	d) The pipes should be non-absorbent, durable,
		one storey above or below the space to be	smooth in bore and of adequate strength.
		served with such facilities, and the path of	e) The pipes should be adequately supported
		travel to such facilities shall not exceed 91 m.	without restricting movement.
		toilet facilities shall be located not more than	f) Drains should be well ventilated, to prevent
		one storey above or below the space to be	the accumulation of foul gases and fluctuation
		served with such facilities, and the path of	of air pressure within the pipe, which could
		travel  to  such  facilities  shall  not  exceed	lead to unsealing (siphoning) of gully or water
		152 m.	closet traps.
		However, in the above buildings, toilet rooms	g) All the parts of the drainage system should be
		shall not open directly into a room used for	accessible for feasibility of inspection and
		preparation of food for service to public.	practical maintenance.
		j) Usually, the vertical distance between two	h) No bends and junctions whatsoever shall be
		horizontal connections to a vertical drain	permitted in sewers except at manholes and
		should be more than 200 mm in order to avoid	inspection chambers.
		back flow.	j) Sewer drain shall be laid for self-cleaning
		d) Avoiding any conflict with the reinforced	velocity of 0.75 m/s and generally should not
		cement  concrete  structure  by  avoiding	flow more than half-full.
		embedding pipes in it, avoiding pipe crossings	k) Pipes crossing in walls and floors shall be
		in  beams,  columns  and major  structural	through mild steel sleeves of diameter leaving
		elements.	an annular space of 5 mm around the outer
		e) Identifying open terraces and areas subject	diameter of the pipe crossing the wall.
		to ingress of rainwater directly or indirectly
		and providing for location of inlets at each	m) Pipes should not be laid close to building
		level for down takes for disposal at ground	foundation.
		levels.	n) Pipes should not pass near large trees because
		f) Avoiding crossing of services of individual	of possibility of damage by the roots.
		property through property of other owners.	p) Branch connections should be swept in the
		g) Planning to avoid accumulation of rainwater	direction of flow.
		or any backflow from sewers particularly in	q) Sewer pipes should be at least 900 mm below
		planned low elevation areas in a building.	road and at least 600 mm below fields and
		h) Setting of sanitary fixtures — A water closet,	gardens.
		urinal, lavatory or bidet shall not be set closer	r) Pipes should not pass under a building unless
		than 380 mm from the centre to any side wall	Preliminary Data for Design
		partition, vanity or other obstruction, or closer	a) Site plan
		than  760 mm  centre-to-centre  between	b) Drainage plan
		adjacent fixtures. There shall not be less than	c) Use —
		530 mm clearance in front of the water closet,	d) Nature of waste —
		urinal, lavatory or bidet to any wall, fixture or	e)Outlet  connection —
		door. Water closet compartment shall not be	f)Cover
		less than 760 mm in width and 1 520 mm in	g)Cover
		depth for floor mounted closets, and not less	h)Subsoil condition
		than 760 mm in width and 1 420 mm in depth	The minimum internal diameter for sanitary
		for wall hung water closets.	appliances shall be as follows:
		The urinal partitions shall begin at a height	Sanitary Appliance                        Minimum Internal dia    waste outlet(mm)
		not greater than 305 mm from and extend not	i)  Soil appliances:
		less than 1 520 mm above the finished floor	a)  Indian and European type
		surface. The walls or partitions shall extend	water closets
		from the wall surface at each side of the urinal	100
		not less than 460 mm or to a point not less	b) Bed pan washers and slop
		than 150 mm beyond the outermost front lip	sinks
		of the urinal measured from the finished back	100
		wall surface, whichever is greater.	c) Urinal with integral traps                                                                        75
			d) Stall urinals (with not                                                                             50
			more than 120 mm of
			channel drainage)
			e)  Lipped urinal small/large                                                                      40
			ii)  Waste appliances:
			a) Drinking fountain                                                                                     25
			b) Washbasin                                                                                                  32
			c)  Bidets                                                                                                            32
			d) Domestic sinks and baths                                                                      40
			e)  Shower bath trays                                                                                   40
			f)  Domestic bath tubs                                                                                 50
			g) Hotel and canteen sinks                                                                        50
			h) Floor traps (outlet dia)                                                                          75